‘The great democratising power of information has given us all the chance to effect change and alleviate poverty in ways we cannot even imagine today. Our task…is to make that change real for those in need, wherever they may be. With information on our side, with knowledge a potential for all, the path to poverty can be reversed.” Kofi Annan, Secretary-General, United Nations

Governments all over the world are embracing democratic norms and adopting principles that facilitate more open and responsive governance. There has also been a marked increase in the enactment of domestic legislation to entrench the public’s right to access information from their governments, and even private bodies in some instances.

In the Commonwealth, to date 10 countries (Australia, Belize, India, Jamaica, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, and the United Kingdom) have enacted right to information laws. India, which passed the Right to Information Act in May 2005, is the most recent Commonwealth country to establish this right legally.

With a mandate to promote the practical realisation of human rights in the Commonwealth countries, Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) believes that the right to information is fundamental for the realisation of economic and social rights as well as civil and political rights.

Power of the right to information
The right to information is premised on the right of all the citizens to access government held information. It entails a corresponding duty on the government to provide information, which are of general interest or value to the public, both proactively and on request. Without information, the public will struggle to fully exercise their rights, and even be unaware of their rights to information.

Furthermore, information is vital for the protection and enforcement of rights. More broadly, the right to information is a powerful tool which can be used to break down the walls of secrecy which too often exist between the citizen and the State.

Promoting good governance and inclusive democracy
With access to information on their side, people can function better as an informed and responsible citizenry - investigating and scrutinising government actions and reviewing the performance of their elected representatives with a view to seriously holding them accountable. The world over, access laws have been used to monitor and oversee the functioning of the Member of Parliaments and Governments officials. People can access information on how officials are delivering on their commitments, how the bureaucracy is spending public money and how representatives are interacting with special interest groups.

Facilitating participatory development
The right to information empowers groups from all sectors of our society to scrutinise and engage with the developmental activities being undertaken around them - by governments, donors and private bodies. People can access information about their development rights, as well as can find out more about the development projects and programmes from which they are supposed to be benefiting. At the more personal level, people can use the law to ensure that they receive the entitlements and benefits that are due to them and other sections of society.


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Exposing corruption
The right to information is the key to combat corruption and foster an environment which is pro-transparency, pro-democracy and ultimately pro-people. Experience has shown that civil society groups, anti-corruption agencies, media persons and activists can use right to information laws to expose high-level corruption.

Access laws can also be used very effectively at the community level to expose cases where implementing agencies fail to properly discharge their duties, both to the government and the public.

Supporting equitable economic growth
The right to information is an important tool that can be used to ensure that markets work for the people rather than corporations. At the high policy end, parliamentarians and the public can exercise their right to access information to obtain documents on trade and economic policy, and also to scrutinise the activities of international financial and trade institutions, such as the World Bank and the World Trade Organisation. At the other end of the spectrum, people can use their right to obtain information and make rational informed decisions on tax, wage and occupation, health and safety entitlements and compliance.

Bolstering media capacity
In many jurisdictions across the world, the media have been active users of the right to information, using access laws to unearth cases of corruption, mismanagement of public funds, highlighting the government’s misuse of public resources, etc. The right to information is a powerful tool in the hands of the media who, in taking this legislation to heart, have in many countries put pressure on governments to amend their policies. The right to information makes real a new era of investigative journalism premised not on hearsay, but verified government information.