1. It is the high – speed wireless infrastructure that is installed at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is reportedly largest of its type anywhere. It currently provides 10 Mbps and 100Mbps Ethernet connectivity. It was started as a research network in 1994. Carnegie Mellon has 10,000 wireless cards registered as on July 30, 2003. http://www.cmu.edu/computing/wireless/aboutwireless.html.

2. (a) Direct- sequencing spread- spectrum. It uses a radio transmitter to spread data packets over a fixed range of frequency band, (b) Frequency – hopping spread – spectrum. It uses a technique in which the signal transmitted hops among several frequencies at a specific rate and sequence for avoiding interference, (c) Wireless – Fidelity, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.11b standard for wireless local area network (WLAN), (d) The next generation 5 – GHz technologies (IEEE 802.11a) expected to be available mid – 2002, and (e) A user computer with a wireless interface card.

3. High performance local area network. It is a wireless local area network (WLAN), standardised by European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) in 1996, which allows node mobility and infrastructure – based topologies. For details visit the Web site http://www.HiperLAN2.com /.

4. (a) Brain Area Network, (b) Cellular Area, (c) Earth Area Network, (d) Galactic Area Network, (e) Home Area Network, (f) Interplanetary Area Network, (g) Not a Network, and (h) Personal Area Network. (Source: http://www.catdancers.com/webmags/ webrevu/swaine/2001/06_08_01.html).

5. A network of devices connected in an ad hoc manner using bluetooth technology. It can connect up to eight devices, each of which has three – bit address. It follows master – slave model, that is, one device acts as a master and the rest (remaining up to seven) as its slaves.

6. A project in the Department of Computer Science at Rice University, Houston, Texas addressing networking support for wireless and mobile hosts. Monarch is also considered as an acronym for “MObile Networking ARCHitectures.” http://www.monarch.cs.rice.edu/.

7. After a tenth century Scandinavian king, Harald Bluetooth, who united several unruly kingdoms. The Bluetooth technology defines one worldwide specification. (Source: Heidi Monson, http://.sysopt.earthwe.com).

8. (a) It is low –cost, low – power, short – range radio link for mobile devices and for WAN / LAN access points. It operates in 2.4 GHz ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) band and thus allows devices to communicate through walls, pockets, and briefcases. The technology allows devices within 30 feet of each other to communicate without wires, and (b) It was developed at Ericsson, which formed a consortium in May 1998 with Intel, Nokia, Toshiba, and IBM. Now it is a nine – company promoter group that includes 3Com, Microsoft, Motorola, and Lucent. Visit the official Web site http://www.bluetooth.com/ for details.

9. Internet mode service of NTT’s DoCoMo in Japan. This mobile Internet service was launched in 1999 and has around 8 million subscribers, (b) A play on the Japanese word for “anywhere”, (c) A standard developed for mobile wireless operating system by Symbian which has Psion, Nokia, Ericson, and Motorola as partners, (d) It is a product developed by a U.S. company – Aether Technology – that synchronises the data on the Web site for a mobile device, and (e) wireless - code division multiple access. CDMA is a method of concurrent transmission in which a packet of data is coded to differentiate it from other packets.

10. From $1.1 billion in 2000 to $5.2 billion in 2005, according to Cahners – Instat. It is a new Microsoft technology that offers a wireless Internet connection. It allows people to access e–mail, digital photos stored in a personal computer (PC) and Web pages from the portable monitor that can be carried around the bedroom or den, anywhere in home within about 90 metres of personal computer. http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2002/jan02/01-07FreestyleMiraPR.asp).

12. (a) It is the de facto open, global standard for the presentation and delivery of wireless information and telephony services on mobile phones and other wireless terminals, (b) 18 million, and (c) 50 million (As on May 2, 2001).

13. (a) 12,000 from over 100 countries, and (b) 7.8 million.

14. NTT DoCoMo’s i – Mode introduced in 1999 . The i- Mode provides a good number of user services like telebanking, airline reservations, stock transactions, e- mail, and access to the Internet. It has an estimated 5.6 million users. NTT DoCoMo is Japan’s leader in wireless technology.

15. I – Mode does not use the wireless application protocol (WAP). It uses a simplified version of hypertext markup language (HTML), compact wireless markup language (CWML) instead of WAP’s wireless markup language (WML).

16. UoSAT – 1 on October 6, 1981. Anna University, Chennai. It will build a micro- satellite weighing 60 kg in three years. It will be launched, possibly between 2005 and 2006, by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle from Sriharikota. Micro–satellites help evaluate advanced technologies for future operational satellites.

18. Antrix Corporation Limited, Bangalore. It is the commercial arm of the Indian space programme. http://www.isro.org/commercial.htm.

19. (a) DakNet is a store-and-forward wireless (IEEE 802.11b) network for affordable rural connectivity developed by Media Lab Asia (MLA). In the pilot project, DakNet will be used to update Bhoomi’s info- kiosks located in Sasalu and Tubugere villages with the central database stored in the Doddaballapura Taluk headquarters in Karnataka. (Source:http://www.medialabasia.org mlaShow.php? fileR=20030305195715&dir=2003/03/05&format= htm&typeId=6&subTypeId=5), and (b) Designed as an alternative to telecom systems in rural areas, the pilot project has set up a voice and data link between Saroha village, near Lucknow, and the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur. With a connectivity of only 300 metres under 802.11 technologies, the researchers have pushed the connectivity to 20 kilometres. The research team has recently pushed the connectivity to 37 kilometres in a single hop. (Source: http://www.medialabasia.org/mlaShow.php? fileR=20030108141715&dir=2003/01/08&format =htm&typeId=6&subTypeId=5).

20. Handset Sale (2003) (expected): 497 million units, and Global Handset Revenue (2003) (expected): $76 billion.